Summary about Disease
A hip fracture is a break in the upper quarter of the femur (thighbone). The exact location of the break can vary. Hip fractures almost always require surgical repair or replacement and can significantly impact mobility and independence, especially in older adults.
Symptoms
Inability to move immediately after a fall
Severe pain in the hip or groin
Inability to put weight on the leg on the side of the injured hip
Stiffness, bruising and swelling in and around the hip area
Shorter leg on the side of the injured hip
Out-turning of your injured leg
Causes
Falls: The most common cause, especially in older adults with weakened bones.
Osteoporosis: Weakens bones, making them more susceptible to fracture.
Trauma: Direct blow to the hip, such as in a car accident.
Stress Fractures: Small cracks that develop over time, often from repetitive stress.
Certain Medical Conditions: Cancer, arthritis, and other conditions can weaken bones.
Medicine Used
Pain Management: Opioids (e.g., morphine, oxycodone) and non-opioid pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs) are used for pain control.
Antibiotics: Given preventatively to reduce the risk of infection after surgery.
Anticoagulants: (e.g., warfarin, heparin, apixaban) Used to prevent blood clots after surgery.
Bone Health Medications: (e.g., bisphosphonates, denosumab) May be prescribed to treat osteoporosis and strengthen bones in the long term.
Is Communicable
No, a hip fracture is not communicable. It is a result of physical injury or underlying bone conditions, not an infectious agent.
Precautions
Prevent Falls:
Remove tripping hazards in the home.
Improve lighting.
Use assistive devices like walkers or canes if needed.
Install grab bars in bathrooms.
Maintain Bone Health:
Get enough calcium and vitamin D.
Engage in weight-bearing exercise.
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Consider bone density screening (especially for women over 65).
Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
How long does an outbreak last?
Hip fractures are not caused by an outbreak and are not communicable. Each incidence is an individual event. Recovery time after a hip fracture repair varies depending on the individual's health, age, and the severity of the fracture. It typically takes several months for full recovery.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical Examination: Doctor will assess pain, range of motion, and any visible deformities.
X-rays: The primary imaging tool to confirm the fracture and determine its location and severity.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): May be used to detect stress fractures that are not visible on X-rays.
Bone Density Scan (DEXA scan): To assess bone density and determine if osteoporosis is present.
Timeline of Symptoms
Immediately after injury: Sudden, severe pain in the hip or groin; inability to move or put weight on the affected leg.
Within hours: Swelling and bruising around the hip area. Possible shortening or out-turning of the leg.
Over the next few days (without treatment): Pain may persist and worsen with any movement; inability to bear weight remains.
Important Considerations
Age: Hip fractures are more common in older adults due to age-related bone loss (osteoporosis).
Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions like osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancer increase the risk of hip fractures.
Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can weaken bones and increase fracture risk.
Surgical intervention: Surgery is the primary treatment for most hip fractures.
Rehabilitation: Physical therapy is essential for regaining strength, mobility, and independence after surgery.
Mortality: Hip fractures can increase the risk of complications and mortality, especially in older adults. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.